cyclic guanosine monophosphate การใช้

• Viagra suppresses levels of one enzyme, phosphodiesterase, to maintain high levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which causes erections.
• Those nerve cells release nitric oxide, which in turn causes the penis to make another chemical, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, or cyclic GMP.
• The PDE5 inhibitors sildenafil and vardenafil, the cAMP-promoter IBMX and 8-CPT-cGMP ( a cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) analogue ) increase melanin synthesis.
• But, Wolfe said, studies have shown that inactive phosphodiesterase and an accumulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate can lead to rapid degeneration of the retina.
• Evgeny Fesenko, Stanislav Kolesnikov, and Arkady Lyubarsky discovered in 1985 that cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) can initiate the photoresponse in cone photoreceptors.
• This suggests that TAS1R1 and TAS1R2 are G protein-coupled receptors that inhibit adenylyl cyclases to decrease cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) levels in taste receptors.
• In his early reseach years, Murad worked on a chemical known as cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which later turned out to be critical in the nitric oxide story.
• Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become guanosine monophosphate ( GMP ), cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ), guanosine diphosphate ( GDP ), and guanosine triphosphate ( GTP ).
• Inside the cell the normal levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) keep the Na + channel open and thus in the resting state the cell is depolarised.
• NO binds to the enzyme guanylate cyclase, which results in increased levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) . cGMP in turn triggers relaxation of the smooth muscle and results in dilation of blood vessels.
• As can be seen in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP ) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) images, the'cyclic'portion consists of two bonds between the phosphate group and the 3'and 5'hydroxyl groups of the sugar, very often a ribose.
• Probably neither of them know what cyclic guanosine monophosphate is, let alone what is its relation to sex ( they would know if they know about the basics of the pharmacology of sex because this compound is related to the mechanism of action of Viagra ( sildenafil ) ).
• Each nucleotide is made of an acyclic nitrogenous base, a pentose and one to three cellular signaling ( cyclic guanosine monophosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate ), and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions ( coenzyme A, flavin adenine dinucleotide, flavin mononucleotide, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ).
• Guanylate cyclase produces cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) from guanosine triphosphate ( GTP ) . cGMP in turn activates cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase G, which phosphorylates various proteins that play a role in decreasing intracellular calcium levels, leading to relaxation of the muscle cells and thus to dilation of blood vessels.
• This response is mediated by the release of nitric oxide ( NO ) from nerve terminals and endothelial cells, which stimulates the synthesis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( more commonly known as cyclic GMP or cGMP ) in smooth muscle cells . cGMP relaxes smooth muscle and increases blood flow to the corpus cavernosum.
• "' Cyclic guanosine monophosphate "'( "'cGMP "') is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate ( GTP ) . cGMP acts as a second messenger much like cyclic AMP . Its most likely mechanism of action is activation of intracellular protein kinases in response to the binding of membrane-impermeable peptide hormones to the external cell surface.